The European Union (EU) is gearing up to implement emergency measures in response to the recent surge of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) outbreaks in Poland. This decision comes after Poland reported a significant increase in cases, with 79 outbreaks recorded in 2025, compared to 50 in the entire year of 2024. The European Commission has approved a series of measures proposed by Poland to contain the spread of the virus, which poses a serious threat to poultry farming and trade within the Union.
Background and impact
Avian influenza, commonly known as bird flu, is an infectious viral disease that affects birds, particularly poultry. The HPAI strain is highly contagious and can lead to severe economic losses in the poultry industry due to high mortality rates and trade restrictions. The virus can be spread by migratory birds, which can carry the disease over long distances during their seasonal migrations. The presence of HPAI in wild birds poses a continuous threat to poultry farms, as it can be introduced directly or indirectly into holdings where poultry or captive birds are kept.
Emergency measures
In response to the escalating situation, the European Commission has agreed to implement 13 emergency measures proposed by Poland. These measures include increasing the area considered at risk around the site of an outbreak, reducing the density of hen houses, and additional disinfection steps. The measures will be applied in three regions where the highest numbers of outbreaks have been recorded. The European Commission will conduct an assessment of the effectiveness of these measures from April 22-24.
Legislative framework
The emergency measures are based on the legislative framework established by Regulation (EU) 2016/429, which outlines the prevention and control of diseases transmissible to animals or humans. HPAI is classified as a listed disease under this regulation, making it subject to strict disease prevention and control rules. Additionally, Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2020/687 supplements Regulation (EU) 2016/429 by providing specific disease control measures for HPAI.
Future implications
The implementation of these emergency measures is crucial to prevent further spread of the virus and to protect the poultry industry in Poland and across the EU. The European Commission’s proactive approach highlights the importance of coordinated efforts in managing animal health crises. As the situation evolves, continuous monitoring and adaptation of measures will be necessary to ensure the effectiveness of the response and to safeguard the health of poultry populations and the stability of the poultry market.
In conclusion, the EU’s decision to adopt emergency measures in Poland underscores the seriousness of the HPAI outbreaks and the need for swift and effective action. The collaboration between the European Commission and Polish authorities aims to mitigate the impact of the virus and prevent its spread, ensuring the protection of poultry farming and trade within the Union.
Sources: Available upon request