Nutritional aspects on avian male fertility

Males are in charge of fertilizing the eggs of 10 broiler breeders, which could correspond to more than 1,000 fertilized eggs per year. The development of testicles, semen quality, and fertility are affected by age, genetic, management, stressors, nutrition, and other factors. However, an adequate nutritional modulation has demonstrated to improve the fertility of males successfully. Then, some nutritional factors will be presented below:

 

 

1. Fat: it is well known that the percentage of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFAs), specifically docosatetraenoic and arachidonic acids are predominant in spermatozoa and seminal plasma. This means that these fatty acids play a key role in the formation of sperm and, consequently, fertility. However, the fatty acid profile could be affected by the type of fat used in the diet. For example, a diet with 2% menhaden oil, rich in lipids n-3 PUFAs, increased male fertility, resulting in more fertilized eggs during artificial insemination in hens every 21 days.

 

2. Vitamin E: It is in considerable concentrations in the testes, semen plasma, and spermatozoa acting as an antioxidant defense system. Also, it enhances the functions of sperm mitochondria and decreases the lipid peroxidation of the sperm membrane.

 

In a study, Lohman Brown Breeder Roosters were fed with 100mg of Vit E/kg, demonstrated to improve the semen volume, sperm concentration, and motility percentage. On the other hand, the local roosters in Taiwan fed with 160 mg/kg of

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