Oral lesions are particularly prevalent in layers and breeders and can originate from different etiological agents. 
Alkaline mycotoxins, such as type A trichothecenes, can cause epithelial lesions and increase the rate of cell turnover (see photo on the right).
Another factor related to food is granulometry, since small particles can obstruct the salivary ducts, causing subsequent oral lesions.
Other frequently ignored factors are, for example:
They can be caused by spikes in the concentration of methionine and other components of the food, which end up causing injuries of this type.
Positive samples to T-2 and / or DAS in the ingredients (ELISA) or the food (HPLC).
Origin of ingredients from a supplier / region with a history of T-2 / DAS contamination.
Histopathology: Proliferation of epithelial cells. Hepatic vacuolation.
Decline of productive indexes of the flock.
Corrective actions
Corroborate the average contamination levels.
Use an antimycotoxin additive at an adequate dosage.
Avoid contaminating silos and water / feed lines with stale, wet or moldy food.
Regarding pellets:> 20% of fines.
Mash feed: Check the mean geometric diameter of the particles.
Histopathology: Presence of inflammatory cells and bacteria.
No drop in the productive indexes of the flock.
Corrective actions
Readjust the pelletizing process.
Increase the sieving size.
Using ligands in the pellet to improve its quality.
Dripping from the methionine injector into the mash preparation tank.
Histopathology: Infiltration of inflammatory cells. Necrotic lesions.
No drop in the productive indexes of the flock.
Corrective actions
Clean / replace the injectors.
Potential causes
Acid injector dripping into mixer preparation tank.
Histopathology: Infiltration of inflammatory cells. Necrotic lesions.
No drop in the productive indexes of the flock.
Corrective actions
Clean / replace the injectors.
Adjust the dosage of organic acids.
Histopathology: Infiltration of inflammatory cells. Necrotic lesions.
Possible drop in the productive indexes of the flock.
Increased mortality.
Corrective actions
Supply vitamins with water.
Supply organic acids with water.
Increase the concentration of chlorine in the water.
Antioxidants in Layer Feed
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AUTHORS
A Summary of Learnings From the 49th Incubation & Fertility Research Group (IFRG) Meeting
Edgar O. Oviedo-Rondón
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Nicolò Cinotti
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H&N Technical Team
A Signal Light Feeding Program for Breeder Flocks
Chance Bryant - Cobb-Vantress LLC
Advancements in Poultry Salmonella Vaccine Strategies: Balancing Safety and Immunogenicity
Santiago Uribe-Diaz
How Can Poultry Nutrition be Optimized to Seek Profitability and Sustainability?
Edgar O. Oviedo-Rondón
Effects of Chronic Stress and Intestinal Inflammation on Commercial Poultry Health and Performance: Part II
Guillermo TellezAntioxidants in Layer Feed
Christine Laganá
The Reasons Why the World is Moving to Community Nests
Winfridus Bakker
From Broiler Processing: Preparing to Feed the World Nutritionally!
Eduardo Cervantes López
Feathers, Fans, and Fahrenheit: The Ultimate Chick Comfort Guide!
Udaykumar Mudbakhe
Depression, Air Speed and Path of Incoming Air
Brian Fairchild Michael Czarick
