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Advancements in Poultry Salmonella Vaccine Strategies: Balancing Safety and Immunogenicity
Fowl typhoid and pullorum disease in birds are caused by the host-adapted Salmonella serovar Gallinarum (SG) biovar Gallinarum and Pullorum, respectively, resulting in high mortality rates and substantial productivity losses.
Nevertheless, due to its limited host spectrum, Salmonella serovar Gallinarum does not represent a public health risk.
Figure 1. Macroscopic lesions found in Salmonella Gallinarum clinical cases in hens
Figure 2. Renal, hepatic and splenic macroscopic lesions found in Salmonella Gallinarum clinical cases in broiler chickens
Instead, the non-adapted Salmonella, including serovars Enteritidis (SE) and Typhimurium (ST) are the most prevalent serovar-causing human salmonellosis outbreaks.
Interestingly, approximately 25% of human salmonellosis cases are derived from poultry meat and egg consumption.
Therefore, the global economic and public health risks that Salmonella possesses, as well as the need to reduce its prevalence in the poultry industry, are evident.
Worldwide efforts to control host-adapted and non-adapted Salmonella throughout the poultry production chain are intensifying.
Many pre-harvest (prophylactic and therapeutic) and post-harvest intervention methodologies have been developed to reduce Salmonellas’ impact on the poultry industry and public health.
Among the different on-farm prophylactic alternatives to control Salmonella in poultry (Table 1), vaccination can be highlighted as the chief strategy.
However, research is still needed to improve the effectiveness of current commercial vaccines.
The poultry industry and food safety organizations urge researchers to develop novel Salmonella vaccine formulations capable of enhancing the protective outcomes achieved by existing commercial vaccines and vaccination programs.
To support this goal, it is essential to understand the strengths and limitations of currently available commercial vaccines.
Table 1. On-farm alternatives to control Salmonella spp. infections in Poultry
SALMONELLA VACCINES
Salmonella vaccine administration in poultry intends to decrease the Salmonella loads in the birds and environment, thereby preventing disease, interrupting the transmission cycle within and between flocks, supporting sustainable financial results in poultry ...
