First Fowl Typhoid case reported in Finland

Finland has reported its first confirmed case of fowl typhoid, a serious bacterial disease affecting poultry, according to a November 7 report from the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH).

David Corredor

Finland has reported its first confirmed case of fowl typhoid, a serious bacterial disease affecting poultry, according to a November 7 report from the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH). The outbreak was detected in a backyard flock located in Närpiö, a municipality on the country’s western coast. The flock consisted of 25 birds, including ducks, hens, and a peafowl, the latter of which was found dead on the premises.

• The case was officially confirmed on October 23, 2025, marking Finland’s debut appearance on the WOAH’s active disease list for fowl typhoid.
• The source of the infection remains unknown or inconclusive, raising concerns about biosecurity and potential undetected transmission routes.
• Prior to this incident, Finland had no recorded history of fowl typhoid, making the detection particularly notable.

Fowl typhoid is caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum, a host-adapted pathogen that primarily affects mature birds. The disease is known for its rapid spread, high morbidity, and potentially severe mortality rates. Symptoms include anorexia, diarrhea, dehydration, and weakness, with lesions often found in the liver, spleen, and kidneys of affected birds.

• The Finnish outbreak follows a series of global cases in recent years.
• In October 2025, Chile declared itself free of the disease after resolving an outbreak involving 15,500 birds in Maule.
• Similarly, Mexico and Honduras experienced outbreaks in 2024, both of which were later contained.
• With Chile’s resolution, Finland now stands as the only country with an active fowl typhoid report on the WOAH website.

Authorities in Finland are expected to implement standard containment measures, including depopulation of affected flocks, destruction of animal products, and disinfection of premises. Surveillance within restricted zones will also be crucial to prevent further spread.

The emergence of fowl typhoid in a previously unaffected country underscores the importance of vigilant monitoring and strict biosecurity protocols, especially in backyard and small-scale poultry operations. While the disease poses minimal zoonotic risk to humans, its economic impact on poultry farming can be significant.