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The development and evolution of antibiotic resistance by some microorganisms, in this case Salmonella spp., generates growing concerns both in veterinary medicine and in public health, given that it is the second most important zoonotic pathogen according to the European Safety Authority Alimentaria (EFSA), with a rate of 20.1% cases per 100,000 people (EFSA, 2019).
Food of animal origin, specifically poultry products such as meat, eggs and egg products, continue to be identified as one of the main routes of infection in humans. The importance of Salmonella is amplified with the appearance of resistant (to at least 1 family of antibiotics) and multi-resistant strains (to 3 or more families of antibiotics). Although most cases of salmonellosis in humans are self-limiting and do not need treatment, in severe cases or immunocompromised patients, the use of antibiotics may be necessary, so the appearance of these resistances can cause an increase in treatment failures, greater severity of infections and higher mortality rate.
The objectives of resistance monitoring in Salmonella were to know and evaluate the resistance pattern to different antibiotics used in human medicine, from isolated strains in three productive orientations in poultry farming. In addition, it was proposed to trace the evolution from 2015 to 2017; the period immediately after the 2014 PRAN publication, in which the effect of reducing the use of antimicrobials in poultry was anticipated.
BACTERIAL STRAINS
Exactly 330 different strains were used, isolated at the field level in 3 diverse productions between the periods of 2015-2017:
turkeys (86 strains)
chickens (198 strains)
laying hens (46 strains)
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