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Current prevalent methods of diagnosis worldwide rely on observations from farmers, farmworkers, and veterinarians.
Detection and prediction of emerging diseases in poultry are becoming more important every day. Due to the costs of an outbreak, the potential zoonotic implications of many poultry pathogens, and the negative impacts on the markets of any news about avian diseases, rapid and accurate detection and diagnosis are paramount.
The sooner a poultry disease can be detected, the diagnosis completed, and the case correctly classified.
The laboratory analyses include:
Culture techniques for bacteria and sometimes viruses
Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)
Isothermal amplification techniques
Immunochromatography
Immunofluorescence assay
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for virus or serum antibodies
These technologies include:
Electrochemical biosensors
Wearable technologies
Noninvasive approaches for