Newcastle Disease reappears in Canada after 50 years

Newcastle disease is a highly contagious viral infection that affects both wild and domestic birds. It is caused by avian paramyxovirus type 1 (APMV-1), which can lead to severe respiratory and neurological symptoms in birds. Infected flocks often experience sudden deaths, decreased egg production, and paralysis in wild birds.

While the disease poses minimal risk to humans, it can cause mild conjunctivitis (pink eye) in people who handle infected birds without proper protection.

Response measures and containment

Upon detection, the CFIA swiftly implemented strict control measures. These include:

• Quarantine of affected farms
• Depopulation of infected flocks
• Establishment of disease control zones
• Movement restrictions on birds and related materials

Authorities are also conducting enhanced surveillance in the surrounding areas to prevent further spread.

Genetic links and global context

Genetic sequencing of the virus revealed similarities with pigeon paramyxoviruses found in Eurasia, suggesting a possible international origin. The World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) continues to monitor outbreaks globally, with recent cases reported in countries such as Poland, Malta, Burkina Faso, and Israel.

A region already under pressure

British Columbia has already been grappling with outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) since 2022. In 2024 alone, 87 commercial flocks were affected, including 19 in Chilliwack. Although HPAI cases have declined recently, the emergence of Newcastle disease adds new pressure to the region’s poultry industry.

Looking ahead

The reappearance of Newcastle disease in Canada after 50 years is a stark reminder of the ongoing threats to global poultry health. Continued vigilance, biosecurity, and international cooperation will be essential to contain the outbreak and protect both animal and public health.