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Soybean in Poultry
The global population is increasing day by day, which results in a significant increment for global demand of food and feed (Parrini et al., 2023).
By 2050, it is estimated that the world population will be more than 9 billion people; subsequently agricultural production is expected to show an increment by 50% (Lombardi et al., 2021).
In poultry nutrition, protein feeds are one of the most expensive and limiting ingredient in diet formulations (Parisi et al., 2020) and one of the most important protein sources for poultry is soybean.
For this reason, the need for soybean is increasing day by day and soybean production is becoming more and more important especially in animal nutrition with a usage amount as 67% of the animal feed market (Pettigrew et al., 2002).
Soybean Production Statistics
As seen in Figure 1, soybean production in the world constitutes an increasing graph. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture data, 398.210 million metric tons of soybeans were produced worldwide in 2023. As a result of increasing demands, soybean production is expected to increase even more every year. The majority of these high production capacities in soybean production are in 3 countries that are active in production.
Figure 1. World Total Annual Soybean Production (in million metric tons, FAOStat, 2023)
As can be seen more clearly in Figure 2, the United States and Brazil account for more than half of total soybean production. The 3rd largest producer is Argentina, followed by China. Other countries account for a much smaller share of total production. The largest producers, Brazil, the United States and Argentina, account for about 70% of total production.
Figure 2. Leading soybean producing countries worldwide (in million metric tons, Statista, 2024)
Soybean Nutrient Content and Use in Poultry Feeding
Soybean (Glycine max L.) is a high quality protein source due to its favorable attributes such as relatively high protein content and suitable amino acid profile except methionine, minimal variation in nutrient content, ready availability year-round, and relative freedom from intractable antinutritive factors if properly processed.
The most important quality criteria’s for soybean are crude protein, moisture, KOH and crude oil contents.
These criteria vary greatly depending on the origin of the soybean.
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