France: Avian Influenza nearly eradicated thanks to vaccination

France has achieved a major milestone in its fight against avian influenza, with a dramatic 96% reduction in outbreaks since launching its national vaccination campaign in October 2023.

David Corredor

France has achieved a major milestone in its fight against avian influenza, with a dramatic 96% reduction in outbreaks since launching its national vaccination campaign in October 2023. This initiative, the first of its kind in the European Union, has proven to be a game-changer in controlling the spread of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI).

• The French Ministry of Agriculture began the campaign by targeting commercial duck farms, which are considered key vectors of the virus.
• Over 61 million ducks have been vaccinated using DIVA (Differentiating Infected from Vaccinated Animals) vaccines, supported by a robust surveillance system and strict biosecurity measures.
• According to the European Association of State Veterinary Officers (EASVO), only 10 outbreaks were reported in the first year of vaccination, with just two occurring in vaccinated flocks.
• Without vaccination, France could have faced nearly 500 outbreaks in the same period.

The economic benefits have also been significant. The cost of the vaccination campaign—estimated at €105 million—was far lower than the €1.4 billion in losses during the 2021–2022 crisis. Initially, the French government covered 85% of the vaccine costs, but this has since dropped to 40%, with farmers covering the rest.

• France’s strategy has received international recognition.
• The World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) and the European Commission have endorsed the approach, and the UK has approved imports of meat from vaccinated ducks.

Despite the success, challenges remain. Some countries still impose trade restrictions on vaccinated poultry, and the risk of virus transmission from wild birds persists. However, France continues to lead with a third vaccination campaign running from October 2025 to September 2026.

Experts emphasize that vaccination is not a standalone solution but part of a broader strategy that includes surveillance, rapid response, and international cooperation. France’s experience shows that modern, science-based policies can effectively replace mass culling and offer a more humane and sustainable path forward.