23 Mar

Improved laying hen traits demand applied nutrition

Genetic progress in layer breeding has been substantial in recent decades. Results are lower body weight, increased feed efficiency,  higher […]

Improved laying hen traits demand applied nutrition

Diets were typically formulated to a minimum of crude protein, and the amino acid specifications covered only total methionine, total methionine plus cystine, and possibly total lysine. The levels of energy, calcium, phosphorus and sodium available to meet the minimum requirement were also calculated.

Today’s diets are formulated to a minimum of energy, calcium, available phosphorus, sodium, chloride, and choline. Feed formulation is no longer done with a minimum of crude protein. Instead, diets are formulated to include a well-balanced amino acid profile containing the required minimum of lysine, arginine, methionine, methionine plus cystine, tryptophan, threonine, isoleucine, and valine.

An additional important change is that in the past one type of feed was used, whereas nowadays we use multiple phase diets which are  based on the age of the hens. These are formulated for a specific level of feed consumption.”

What caused the revolution in layer feed formulation?

“This has been caused, at least to some part, by research into enzymes and nutrient availability, digestibility and required amino acid ratios, ingredient cost, and improved genetic potential.

The age at which the first egg is laid has been reduced by one week every 5 to 7 years, the size of the first eggs has improved, and the laying period has been optimized. A good flock today will produce 260 eggs per hen housed or even more at 60 weeks of age, a tremendous  improvement compared to the 230 eggs produced in the same period in 1992.

In addition, body weight has decreased significantly and this has positively influenced feed consumption.”

 

* Michael Elliot, PhD is an independent animal nutrition specialist. He founded and runs A&E Nutrition Services in Lancaster, PA, USA. Michael Elliot is specialised in feed formulation and nutrition of commercial egg layers.

 

“Layer nutrition has made tremendous progress in recent years”

 

Which is the most important progress  in feed formulation related to amino acid and protein?

“In commercial layer diets the levels of amino acids and crude protein have decreased because nutritionists formulate layer diets based on amino acids instead of crude protein.

Feeding for early egg size (early laying) is critical to profitability. The use of low amino acid in pre-laying or pre-peak diets is one reason for the inability of many flocks to achieve production targets for maturity, initial egg size (early laying or early laying) and peak production.

A maximum amount of protein in the diet, along with high levels of amino acids will influence early egg size. In addition, increasing dietary methionine levels relative to lysine levels will also increase early egg size. This is now a commonly used tool for improving early egg size in layers. It should be noted that the order of limiting amino acids in a corn-soy diet (as the crude protein level decreases) is methionine, threonine, lysine, valine, arginine, and tryptophan.

Therefore, commercially available threonine has made it possible to significantly decrease the crude protein level for layer diets. This is perhaps the most important progress in relation to crude protein and amino acids and their use in layer nutrition.

When synthetic methionine and lysine are used in formulations, crude protein can be reduced by up to 1% without adversely affecting egg production. An additional 1% reduction can be achieved with minimal impact on performance.

It is therefore possible to reduce the level of crude protein and the cost of production when formulating diets with synthetic methionine, lysine and threonine and the proper inclusion of dietary isoleucine levels.

A high level of isoleucine should be used at the beginning of the egg production cycle (early laying or laying) to achieve a good egg weight at the beginning of the production cycle, and this isoleucine level can be gradually reduced as the age of the flock increases. Carefully implemented, the phased formulation of amino acids will decrease feed cost, maintain optimal body weight, and control egg weight later in the production cycle without affecting the entire production cycle.

“When both methionine and synthetic lysine are used, we can reduce the crude protein in the feed by 1% without affecting egg production”

Total Sulfur Amino Acid (TSAA) profiles can be used to influence egg size. For example, higher TSAA profiles may be necessary in farms using breeds that tend to produce smaller eggs at the start of egg production.

Generally speaking, a lower proportion of TSAA, isoleucine and threonine is used for small eggs compared to the rate which is used for producing large eggs.

Good early egg size and mass is desirable, but egg size must be controlled to avoid the production of large eggs with poor shell quality later in the production cycle. This can be controlled without affecting production by reducing TSAA, threonine, and isoleucine to lysine ratios in conjunction with linoleic acid levels, which are reduced with the age of the layers.

There are considerable differences in the amino acid requirements for white or brown layers and feed should be formulated with these differences in mind. For example, lysine levels may need to be generally higher for brown layers.”

Which progress is made in relation to calcium and phosphorus?

“Pullet diets should contain approximately 1.10% calcium and 0.45 to 0.50% phosphorus available for optimal skeletal development. Early maturing birds require a diet containing 2.50 to 2.75% calcium and 0.45 to 0.50% available phosphorus.

This type of diet should be used 7 days prior to light stimulation and not be used for more than 7-14 days after the first feeding. Hens in the early production stage should be started with 3.90 to 4.10 g / hen / day of calcium and 430 to 470 mg / hen / day of available phosphorus. Lower levels may result in poor shell quality in the productive life of the flock.

“Feed for brown and white hens is different since their amino acid requirement is different”

The daily intake of calcium should be gradually increased and the daily intake of phosphorus decreased as the age increases because the efficiency requirements of calcium and phosphorus utilization decrease with age. Fifty percent of all supplemental calcium in the diet should be supplied in the form of coarse particles (2-3 mm).

The coarse particles of calcium carbonate should be gradually increased to approximately 70 percent of supplemental limestone during the production cycle. Fine calcium carbonate particles pass through the gastrointestinal tract in 2-3 hours.

When no large particles of calcium are present in the digestive tract while the eggshell is being produced, calcium will be obtained from the bones, which eventually results in loss of skeletal integrity, poor shell quality, and leg disorders.

Regarding the availability of phosphorus to young and adult birds, there is considerable disagreement among nutritionists, partly due to a poor understanding of the availability of plant-based phosphorus, the actual impact of exogenous phytase on phosphorus availability, and the ratio of phosphorus to shell quality and feed cost.

Added to this is the fact that phosphorus is expensive and some reports have suggested that reducing phosphorus in the diet may occasionally improve shell quality. However, this practice may result in increased mortality, bone problems, and production loss at the end of the cycle. The use of the enzyme phytase in North America has become extremely common.

In the United States, the industry standard has been the use of 300 FTU/kg of fungal phytase with 0.09% available phosphorus and 0.09% calcium. At 300 FTU/kg, fungal phytase will decrease phosphorus excretion by 15-18%. Due to significant cost savings I have moved all my nutrition programs to 500 FTU/kg phytase.

Are there any new concepts about the use of fat, linoleic acid and enzymes?

No. The added fat is beneficial for egg size at the start of production and for the yield. The effect of the added fat on the weight gain of the egg is independent of the level of dietary energy.

Linoleic acid from vegetable oils is necessary for optimal egg size. The use of non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) in layer diets worldwide is now common practice, as they improve digestibility, enhance performance, and decrease variability as well as nutrient excretion and thus feed cost.

To maximize early egg size in smaller breeds, diets should contain a maximum of 2.00% linoleic acid towards peak production. In larger breeds a minimum of around 1.50% linoleic acid is sufficient.

Good sources of linoleic acid are corn, vegetable oil, extruded soybean and rice bran.

 

“Phytase inclusion in layer diets significantly cuts costs”

 

Which are the new concepts of interaction between management and nutrition?

Egg shell quality is fundamental to profitability and must be optimized and kept. Shell quality is influenced by genetics, nutrition, feed management, body weight, age at light stimulation, heat stress, egg collection, egg collection belts, housing systems, grading and packing, diseases and gut health, to name a few factors.

Breeding companies recommend specific body weights for each genetic strain prior to light stimulation. Light stimulation in hens with a too low weight, will cause them to enter production before they are physiologically ready. These birds tend to maintain a low weight throughout their productive life and are susceptible to bone disorders. Moreover shell quality will be poor.

On the other hand, stimulation of hens with too high body weight will result in overweight and oversized eggs, also resulting in poor eggshell quality.”

 

“Probiotics can indirectly improve eggshell quality”

 

How should layer nutritionists approach shell quality problems?

“This is a complex issue that requires lengthy discussion, but in general the first thing they should do is to ensure that the feed formulated and produced is the right one at all stages, and also that it is being manufactured correctly.

Treatment should be implemented if decreased shell quality is associated with increased mortality:

– Week 1: Increase the level of dietary calcium by an additional 0.60% and the level of available phosphorus by 0.14

– Week 2: Increase calcium level by 0.30% and available phosphorus level by 0.07%

– Week 3: return to normal diet or with 0.15% more calcium and 0.035% more phosphorus available continuously

However, if reduced shell quality is not associated with increased mortality, dietary calcium should be increased by an additional 0.30% and additional dietary vitamin D3 should be provided.

Vitamin D3 supplementation (2,500 IU/litre of drinking water) may also be used by administering it in the water for 7 consecutive days and 2 days apart for each week thereafter. Numerous studies have suggested that the amino acid – zinc complex and manganese may improve performance and eggshell quality. Also probiotics can indirectly improve eggshell quality.”

What can you tell us about the use of dried distiller’s grains with solubles (DDGS) in layer diets?

DDGS have indeed become a commonly used ingredient. Over 50% of the layer formulations in the US now contain DDGS with inclusion rates ranging from 5 to 20%.

This wide range is due to quality and variability, formulation technique (relative to amino acids) and differences in views regarding recommended levels of use.

“We are living in exciting times in laying hen nutrition “

In general, layer performance tends to drop when DDGS levels exceed 12%, while the optimal level of inclusion to keep production costs low and efficient should be around 15% DDGS.

It is important to mention that the energy value of DDGS can be overestimated and therefore care should be taken in the calculation of total energy levels when DDGS levels in the diet are high.

“More than 50% of layer formulations in the USA contain DDGS with an inclusion rate between 5 and 20%”

In addition, there are some anti-nutritional factors in DDGS, but formulation on a digestible amino acid basis can compensate for these anti-nutritional factors by also using available synthetic methionine, lysine, threonine and tryptophan, and by utilizing services such as Evonik’s Amino Network service in the NIR to assess amino acid digestibility and constantly recalculate energy content to adjust for protein, fat and fibre.”

 

 

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Martha Pulido-Landínez
Imagen Revista Gizzard and proventriculus as a health marker

Gizzard and proventriculus as a health marker

Dr. Edgar O. Oviedo-Rondon
Imagen Revista Caged and cage-free laying hens

Caged and cage-free laying hens

Rosangela Poletto
Imagen Revista Solutions for ending male chick culling in Germany

Solutions for ending male chick culling in Germany

Dr. Ana E. Blanco
Imagen Revista Prepare breeder hens for optimum production

Prepare breeder hens for optimum production

Paul Welten
Imagen Revista Accumulation and elimination of mycotoxins in poultry

Accumulation and elimination of mycotoxins in poultry

Manuel Contreras
Imagen Revista Applied artificial intelligence to increase the consumption of chicken

Applied artificial intelligence to increase the consumption of chicken

Eduardo Cervantes López
Imagen Revista Key points in the broiler turkey hatchery process

Key points in the broiler turkey hatchery process

Luis F Klein
Imagen Revista Main learnings of The American College of Poultry Veterinarians workshop

Main learnings of The American College of Poultry Veterinarians workshop

Dr. Edgar O. Oviedo-Rondon Federico Etcheverry
Imagen Revista Futuristic “Windstreek” house is fully energy neutral

Futuristic “Windstreek” house is fully energy neutral

Ad Bal
Imagen Revista “Taking layer welfare to a higher level across Europe”

“Taking layer welfare to a higher level across Europe”

Ad Bal
Imagen Revista Safety of mycotoxins binders in poultry

Safety of mycotoxins binders in poultry

Jose Larger
Imagen Revista Avian Influenza in North America spring 2022

Avian Influenza in North America spring 2022

Dr. Edgar O. Oviedo-Rondon Dr. Rocio Crespo
Imagen Revista The air cell of the egg

The air cell of the egg

Fabio Bittencourt
Imagen Revista Plastic cooling pads may compete to paper pads

Plastic cooling pads may compete to paper pads

Brian Fairchild Mike Czarick
Imagen Revista Good quality drinking water

Good quality drinking water

Estella Leentfaar
Imagen Revista Interview Cor Van de Ven

Interview Cor Van de Ven

Ad Bal
Imagen Revista Farm report: Future oriented layer farm reveals new insights

Farm report: Future oriented layer farm reveals new insights

Ad Bal
Imagen Revista Learnings from the International Poultry Scientific Forum 2022

Learnings from the International Poultry Scientific Forum 2022

Dr. Edgar O. Oviedo-Rondon
Imagen Revista New methods of detection and diagnosis for poultry diseases

New methods of detection and diagnosis for poultry diseases

Dr. Edgar O. Oviedo-Rondon
Imagen Revista Alternatives to control coccidiosis

Alternatives to control coccidiosis

Dr. Edgar O. Oviedo-Rondon
Imagen Revista Better males through restaurant feeding

Better males through restaurant feeding

Winfridus Bakker
Imagen Revista Infectious bronchitis complicated by a secondary infection caused by E. coli

Infectious bronchitis complicated by a secondary infection caused by E. coli

Clara Marín Laura Lorenzo Rebenaque Pablo Catalá Gregori Sandra Sevilla Navarro
Imagen Revista Critical points in the nutrition of laying hens

Critical points in the nutrition of laying hens

Douglas Zaviezo PhD.
Imagen Revista Estimation of intestinal integrity in poultry

Estimation of intestinal integrity in poultry

Jose Luis Valls
Imagen Revista Emerging parasitic processes in alternative poultry systems

Emerging parasitic processes in alternative poultry systems

David Lizaso
Imagen Revista Immunomodulatory and immunostimulating effects of beta-glucan

Immunomodulatory and immunostimulating effects of beta-glucan

Edson Luiz Bordin
Imagen Revista SPIDES, its use in broiler hatcheries

SPIDES, its use in broiler hatcheries

Imagen Revista Interview with Robin Horel, IPC President

Interview with Robin Horel, IPC President

Ad Bal
Imagen Revista Enterococcal spondylitis

Enterococcal spondylitis

Dr. Edgar O. Oviedo-Rondon
Imagen Revista Farm Report: On-farm hatching is beneficial

Farm Report: On-farm hatching is beneficial

Ad Bal
Imagen Revista Current trends in vaccine development

Current trends in vaccine development

Dr. Edgar O. Oviedo-Rondon
Imagen Revista Vision of poultry

Vision of poultry

Lohmann Breeders GmbH
Imagen Revista Ensuring performance, health and livability by a multifactorial approach

Ensuring performance, health and livability by a multifactorial approach

Dr. Guillermo Zavala
Imagen Revista Poultry housing tips: target temperature changes with heating system type

Poultry housing tips: target temperature changes with heating system type

Brian Fairchild & Mike Czarick
Imagen Revista New IEF manual for emerging commercial egg producers

New IEF manual for emerging commercial egg producers

International Egg Foundation
Imagen Revista H&N International, one of the worlds’ oldest genetics sets out to grow further, especially in Asian markets

H&N International, one of the worlds’ oldest genetics sets out to grow further, especially in Asian markets

Imagen Revista Applied Poultry Science part-time programme (online learning)

Applied Poultry Science part-time programme (online learning)

Imagen Revista H5N1 Bird flu reappears in Italy

H5N1 Bird flu reappears in Italy

OIE
Imagen Revista Time-restricted feeding in commercial layer hens improves egg quality

Time-restricted feeding in commercial layer hens improves egg quality

Agricultural Research Organization (ARO) Volcani Center (Israel)
Imagen Revista UN names eggs as a star ingredient for World Food Day

UN names eggs as a star ingredient for World Food Day

Imagen Revista Bird flu outbreaks in two south-east locations of Russia

Bird flu outbreaks in two south-east locations of Russia

OIE
Imagen Revista Environment drives DNA changes in Ethiopian chickens

Environment drives DNA changes in Ethiopian chickens

Roslin Institute University of Edinburgh
Imagen Revista Poultry Producer’s Willingness to Invest in On-Farm Carcass Disposal

Poultry Producer’s Willingness to Invest in On-Farm Carcass Disposal

Imagen Revista Inside-out mini-guts aid research into poultry

Inside-out mini-guts aid research into poultry

Imagen Revista Global Poultry Markets Recover on Improved Fundamentals, but Southeast Asia Struggles

Global Poultry Markets Recover on Improved Fundamentals, but Southeast Asia Struggles

Imagen Revista Quality chicks born in the hatchery: care and monitoring that make a difference

Quality chicks born in the hatchery: care and monitoring that make a difference

Érica de Faria Melo
Imagen Revista Floor Eggs: Management to make layers lay fewer eggs on the floor

Floor Eggs: Management to make layers lay fewer eggs on the floor

Hy Line Technical Team
Imagen Revista The benefits behind the Internet of animals

The benefits behind the Internet of animals

Dr. Edgar O. Oviedo-Rondon
Imagen Revista Hatchable eggs, storage effects

Hatchable eggs, storage effects

Imagen Revista The black bone syndrome in broilers

The black bone syndrome in broilers

Eng. Fabio G Nunes - Consultant in Poultry Processing
Imagen Revista Egg Storage, three key areas in incubation

Egg Storage, three key areas in incubation

Dr. Edgar O. Oviedo-Rondon Edgar O. Oviedo-Rondón
Imagen Revista The Connection between Stress and Intestinal Inflammation: How Do Bacteria Benefit from Intestinal inflammation?

The Connection between Stress and Intestinal Inflammation: How Do Bacteria Benefit from Intestinal inflammation?

A. Gregorio Rosales Guillermo Tellez
Imagen Revista The direction of poultry welfare: layers

The direction of poultry welfare: layers

Dr. Edgar O. Oviedo-Rondon
Imagen Revista Marek’s disease vaccination needed now more than ever

Marek’s disease vaccination needed now more than ever

Imagen Revista “ An egg a day, how simple is that? “

“ An egg a day, how simple is that? “

Ad Bal
Imagen Revista Using predictive analytics to improve hatchery performance

Using predictive analytics to improve hatchery performance

Imagen Revista Update on Solutions for Wooden Breast Research

Update on Solutions for Wooden Breast Research

Dr. Edgar O. Oviedo-Rondon
Imagen Revista Influence of breeder nutrition and management on flock performance

Influence of breeder nutrition and management on flock performance

Winfridus Bakker
Imagen Revista Chicken processing: Managing with the senses

Chicken processing: Managing with the senses

Imagen Revista Ventilating poultry houses on foggy days

Ventilating poultry houses on foggy days

Imagen Revista Incubation with manual measurements of eggshell temperature

Incubation with manual measurements of eggshell temperature

Imagen Revista Determination of shell quality in hatching eggs

Determination of shell quality in hatching eggs

Dr. Keith Bramwell
Imagen Revista Be prepared to prevent heat stress in layers

Be prepared to prevent heat stress in layers

Imagen Revista Reduce your hatch window with these three recommendations

Reduce your hatch window with these three recommendations

Eduardo Romanini
Imagen Revista Mortality surveys assessing health and welfare of broiler breeders

Mortality surveys assessing health and welfare of broiler breeders

José J. Bruzual
Imagen Revista Cleaning and disinfection, an essential part of broiler production

Cleaning and disinfection, an essential part of broiler production

Andrea Pizzabiocca
Imagen Revista Monitoring field strains key to successful vaccination against IBDV

Monitoring field strains key to successful vaccination against IBDV

Imagen Revista Controlling Newcastle disease virus

Controlling Newcastle disease virus

Pedro Villegas
Imagen Revista Practical Reminder: Histomoniasis in large breeder flocks

Practical Reminder: Histomoniasis in large breeder flocks

Jose Luis Valls
Imagen Revista Optimizing saleable eggs: Efficiency & Profitability of layers.

Optimizing saleable eggs: Efficiency & Profitability of layers.

Pascual Alonso
Imagen Revista Feather development and integrity in broiler breeders

Feather development and integrity in broiler breeders

Imagen Revista And if the veterinarians hadn’t been there…Sustainability: The new attribute of poultry farming

And if the veterinarians hadn’t been there…Sustainability: The new attribute of poultry farming

Clara Marín Orenga Santiago Vega García
Imagen Revista How to minimize litter caking issues at the beginning of a flock

How to minimize litter caking issues at the beginning of a flock

Brian Fairchild & Mike Czarick
Imagen Revista Understanding the effects of heat stress in modern day broilers

Understanding the effects of heat stress in modern day broilers

Jose Luis Valls
Imagen Revista Key points during the rearing phase of broiler breeder pullets

Key points during the rearing phase of broiler breeder pullets

Juan Carlos Abad
Imagen Revista Nutrition of layer hens and its impact on egg quality

Nutrition of layer hens and its impact on egg quality

FEDNA
Imagen Revista Classification of hatching eggs from a breeder flock

Classification of hatching eggs from a breeder flock

Juan Carlos Abad
Imagen Revista Preventing Salmonella in laying hens

Preventing Salmonella in laying hens

Imagen Revista Chick feeding: From the early hours to the first few days

Chick feeding: From the early hours to the first few days

Imagen Revista An Important Review: Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale

An Important Review: Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale

Jose Luis Valls
Imagen Revista Impact of eggs in the diets of physically active people

Impact of eggs in the diets of physically active people

Instituto de estudios del Huevo & Inprovo
Imagen Revista Seven Key Management Points in Tunnel Ventilation Systems

Seven Key Management Points in Tunnel Ventilation Systems

Imagen Revista Limiting transmission of parasite currently best option for controlling histomoniasis

Limiting transmission of parasite currently best option for controlling histomoniasis

Imagen Revista How to guard your hatchery against biosecurity threats

How to guard your hatchery against biosecurity threats

Imagen Revista A new scenario in controlling costs in different egg production systems

A new scenario in controlling costs in different egg production systems

Pascual Alonso Pedro Learte
Imagen Revista Discarded chicks: Source of information to improve hatching performance

Discarded chicks: Source of information to improve hatching performance

Juan Carlos López
Imagen Revista What factors are most influential in the costs of a vertical company?

What factors are most influential in the costs of a vertical company?

Juan Carlos Abad Rafael Gil Evangelista
Imagen Revista Meat quality problems: Muscle myopathies in chicken

Meat quality problems: Muscle myopathies in chicken

Imagen Revista Water consumption and the cyclical nature of chicks.

Water consumption and the cyclical nature of chicks.

Brian Fairchild Mike Czarick
Imagen Revista Biostatistics: Interpreting Results of Scientific Articles

Biostatistics: Interpreting Results of Scientific Articles

Alberto Morillo Alujas Daniel Villalba Mat Nabil Mehada Sergio Nadal
Imagen Revista Current views of phage therapy in poultry production

Current views of phage therapy in poultry production

Montserrat Llagostera Pilar Cortés
Imagen Revista Monitoring antibiotic resistance in Salmonella Spp.

Monitoring antibiotic resistance in Salmonella Spp.

Pablo Catalá Verónica Cortés
Imagen Revista More chicks from split feeding in breeders

More chicks from split feeding in breeders

Imagen Revista Reducing avian colibacillosis in poultry farms through vaccination

Reducing avian colibacillosis in poultry farms through vaccination

Jose Luis Valls
Imagen Revista Beak treatment: Following the current market situation

Beak treatment: Following the current market situation

Raúl Rodríguez
Imagen Revista Feeding layers up to 100 weeks of age

Feeding layers up to 100 weeks of age

Estella Leentfaar
Imagen Revista Four fundamental principles for optimal chick storage

Four fundamental principles for optimal chick storage

Jason Cormick
Imagen Revista Two months, two weeks and two days, second phase of breeder rearing.

Two months, two weeks and two days, second phase of breeder rearing.

David Jiménez Zarza
Imagen Revista Current problems of the quality of meat in the poultry industry

Current problems of the quality of meat in the poultry industry

1M. Pizarro 2E. Tabanera 3H.L. Shivaprasad
Imagen Revista Preventing infection, dehydration helps ensure good chick quality

Preventing infection, dehydration helps ensure good chick quality

Imagen Revista How to assess internal egg quality?

How to assess internal egg quality?

Imagen Revista Chick quality: Importance of breeder nutrition and management

Chick quality: Importance of breeder nutrition and management

Imagen Revista The importance of R&D due to the demand in egg companies

The importance of R&D due to the demand in egg companies

Marcos Fava Neves
Imagen Revista The cyclic nature of chicks

The cyclic nature of chicks

Imagen Revista Prevention and control of Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus

Prevention and control of Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus

Mark W. Jackwood
Imagen Revista Precision processing for comprehensive digital management

Precision processing for comprehensive digital management

Eduardo Cervantes López
Imagen Revista New vaccines against Infectious Bursal Disease aka Gumboro

New vaccines against Infectious Bursal Disease aka Gumboro

Daral J. Jackwood
Imagen Revista Difficulty in detecting high levels of mycotoxins in clinical cases

Difficulty in detecting high levels of mycotoxins in clinical cases

Manuel Contreras
Imagen Revista Mycoplasmosa control and diagnosis in breeders and broilers

Mycoplasmosa control and diagnosis in breeders and broilers

A. Gregorio Rosales
Imagen Revista Infectious laryngotracheitis: Assessing protection & vaccination programs

Infectious laryngotracheitis: Assessing protection & vaccination programs

Daniel Maekawa Mari Carmen García
Imagen Revista How much should a tunnel door be opened during hot weather?

How much should a tunnel door be opened during hot weather?

Brian Fairchild Michael Czarick
Imagen Revista Managing layer health in an alternative system

Managing layer health in an alternative system

Imagen Revista Intestinal health in the era of NAE

Intestinal health in the era of NAE

Tom Tabler
Imagen Revista Raised CO2 levels during hatching: a myth debunked

Raised CO2 levels during hatching: a myth debunked

Imagen Revista “Every era demands new insights”

“Every era demands new insights”

Imagen Revista The importance of monitoring chick water usage

The importance of monitoring chick water usage

Imagen Revista Raising good quality males

Raising good quality males

Jorge Amado
Imagen Revista Five common issues during brooding

Five common issues during brooding

Brian Fairchild
Imagen Revista Precision processing for comprehensive digital management

Precision processing for comprehensive digital management

Eduardo Cervantes López
Imagen Revista Mental Map: Effective Management Strategy in the chicken business

Mental Map: Effective Management Strategy in the chicken business

Eduardo Cervantes López
Imagen Revista Classification of non-hatching eggs from breeder flocks

Classification of non-hatching eggs from breeder flocks

Juan Carlos Abad
Imagen Revista Nutrition management of layers in floor operations

Nutrition management of layers in floor operations

FEDNA
Imagen Revista Management of aviary systems for layer operations

Management of aviary systems for layer operations

David Olucha Moreno
Imagen Revista The importance of feed consumption

The importance of feed consumption

Juan Valle Mark Allen
Imagen Revista Environmental control to increase poultry farm efficiency

Environmental control to increase poultry farm efficiency

F. Joseph Lockinger
Imagen Revista Oxidation-Reduction Potential for the biosecurity of our farms

Oxidation-Reduction Potential for the biosecurity of our farms

Jose Luis Valls
Imagen Revista What are the main factors affecting eggshell quality?

What are the main factors affecting eggshell quality?

Alejandro Rodriguez Navarro
Imagen Revista Ensuring a good management of spray vaccination

Ensuring a good management of spray vaccination

Jose Luis Valls
Imagen Revista Promoting growth in an antibiotic-free environment

Promoting growth in an antibiotic-free environment

Steve Leeson
Imagen Revista Using baselines for ELISA serology

Using baselines for ELISA serology

Louise Dufour-Zavala
Imagen Revista Accommodation management of layers moving from rearing house to an aviary

Accommodation management of layers moving from rearing house to an aviary

Imagen Revista “The search for precision feeding in poultry”

“The search for precision feeding in poultry”

Ad Bal
Imagen Revista Why is my biosecurity program not working?

Why is my biosecurity program not working?

Helen Wojcinski
Imagen Revista Clean water lines for flock health

Clean water lines for flock health

Dr. Susan Watkins
Imagen Revista Heat stress and its management in commercial layers

Heat stress and its management in commercial layers

Dr. Guillermo Díaz Arango
Imagen Revista Hatchery sanitation

Hatchery sanitation

Kirk Dawkins
Imagen Revista Heat treatment, microbiology and physical quality of feed

Heat treatment, microbiology and physical quality of feed

Antonio Apércio Klein
Imagen Revista Importance of chicken bone in long production cycles

Importance of chicken bone in long production cycles

Juan David Sorza
Imagen Revista Chick body temperature: from hatchery to farm

Chick body temperature: from hatchery to farm

Juan Carlos López
Imagen Revista Clinical observations associated with mycotoxicosis in chickens

Clinical observations associated with mycotoxicosis in chickens

Manuel Contreras
Imagen Revista Alternatives to antimicrobial growth promoters in poultry

Alternatives to antimicrobial growth promoters in poultry

Guillermo Tellez
Imagen Revista Fluttering: Origin of seizures at the plant

Fluttering: Origin of seizures at the plant

Imagen Revista Onset of laying: a key period

Onset of laying: a key period

Rafael Lera García
Imagen Revista Confinement for poultry ended in The Netherlands

Confinement for poultry ended in The Netherlands

Imagen Revista Using flock data to make better decisions

Using flock data to make better decisions

Shawn Carlton
Imagen Revista Variable speed tunnel fans can result in dramatic power savings

Variable speed tunnel fans can result in dramatic power savings

Brian Fairchild & Mike Czarick
Imagen Revista Global Egg Nutrition Expert Group formed

Global Egg Nutrition Expert Group formed

Imagen Revista Performance evaluation and stress diagnosis in chickens

Performance evaluation and stress diagnosis in chickens

Dr. Fábio Pértille
Imagen Revista Jumbo Supermarket selling “Respeggt” eggs

Jumbo Supermarket selling “Respeggt” eggs

Imagen Revista Namibia suspends poultry imports from USA and Ukraine

Namibia suspends poultry imports from USA and Ukraine

Imagen Revista Frequently asked questions about the coronavirus based on what we know about the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV)

Frequently asked questions about the coronavirus based on what we know about the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV)

Mark W. Jackwood
Imagen Revista WPSA Congress postponed to 2021

WPSA Congress postponed to 2021

Imagen Revista Turning fat from wastewater into energy

Turning fat from wastewater into energy

Imagen Revista Algeria secures poultry supply during Ramadan

Algeria secures poultry supply during Ramadan

Imagen Revista EBRD and EU help Chirina in Georgia to boost capacity

EBRD and EU help Chirina in Georgia to boost capacity

Imagen Revista Highly pathogenic bird flu in South Carolina

Highly pathogenic bird flu in South Carolina

Imagen Revista Morocco opens for chicks and hatching eggs from Brazil

Morocco opens for chicks and hatching eggs from Brazil

Imagen Revista Gallibacterium anatis – An Emerging Pathogen of Poultry?

Gallibacterium anatis – An Emerging Pathogen of Poultry?

Martha Pulido-Landínez Natalie K. Armour
Imagen Revista WASTE: Another Great Challenge During Chicken Processing

WASTE: Another Great Challenge During Chicken Processing

Eduardo Cervantes López
Imagen Revista Establishment and Implementation of an Effective Biosecurity Program

Establishment and Implementation of an Effective Biosecurity Program

A. Gregorio Rosales
Imagen Revista Improved laying hen traits demand applied nutrition

Improved laying hen traits demand applied nutrition

Imagen Revista Vaccine management in incubators

Vaccine management in incubators

Juan Carlos Abad
Imagen Revista Problems and solutions at the Hatchery

Problems and solutions at the Hatchery

Juan Carlos López
Imagen Revista Understanding heat-stress in layers (Part I)

Understanding heat-stress in layers (Part I)

Imagen Revista IDENTIFICATION OF MYCOTOXIN RELATED LESIONS IN SLAUGHTER HOUSES

IDENTIFICATION OF MYCOTOXIN RELATED LESIONS IN SLAUGHTER HOUSES

Manuel Contreras
Imagen Revista NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF PROBIOTICS

NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF PROBIOTICS

Imagen Revista The expert: Coccidiosis, with Martina Dardi

The expert: Coccidiosis, with Martina Dardi

Imagen Revista Maintaining air quality overnight

Maintaining air quality overnight

Mike Czarick
Imagen Revista Frequent problems in Hatcheries, Part II

Frequent problems in Hatcheries, Part II

Imagen Revista Why do we still have Newcastle in Latin America? A vision about avian biologics

Why do we still have Newcastle in Latin America? A vision about avian biologics

Eduardo Lucio Decanini
Imagen Revista Fundamental basics of the use and interpretation of serology

Fundamental basics of the use and interpretation of serology

Guillermo Zavala
Imagen Revista Satellite geographic localization for controlling respiratory diseases

Satellite geographic localization for controlling respiratory diseases

Louise Dufour-Zavala
Imagen Revista Interviewing Pablo Anhalzer, president of CONAVE in Ecuador

Interviewing Pablo Anhalzer, president of CONAVE in Ecuador

Imagen Revista Importance of apparent temperature!

Importance of apparent temperature!

Imagen Revista Basic practices for heavy breeders, production

Basic practices for heavy breeders, production

Winfridus Bakker
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